#SampleID	BarcodeSequence	LinkerPrimerSequence	LAB_PERSON_CONTACT	TARGET_SUBFRAGMENT	ASSIGNED_FROM_GEO	LAB_PERSON	EXPERIMENT_CENTER	TITLE	RUN_PREFIX	AGE	INVESTIGATION_TYPE	HOST_COMMON_NAME	DEPTH	HOST_TAXID	SUBMIT_TO_INSDC	COMMON_NAME	INCLUDES_TIMESERIES	LONGITUDE	BODY_SITE	PROJECT_NAME	ELEVATION	RUN_DATE	SEQUENCING_METH	COLLECTION_DATE	ALTITUDE	RUN_LANE	ENV_BIOME	SEX	PLATFORM	FAMILY_RELATIONSHIP	STUDY_CENTER	COUNTRY	FLXDATA_PUBLISHED	STUDY_TITLE	STUDY_ALIAS	HOST_SUBJECT_ID	ANONYMIZED_NAME	TAXON_ID	SAMPLE_CENTER	NEWILLUMINADATAGENERATED	PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR	STUDY_DESCRIPTION	PUBLICATION_ALIAS	AGE_UNIT	MIENS_COMPLIANT	STUDY_ID	EXPERIMENT_DESIGN_DESCRIPTION	Description_duplicate	BODY_HABITAT	RUN	STUDY_ABSTRACT	ENV_MATTER	TARGET_GENE	ENV_FEATURE	KEY_SEQ	BODY_PRODUCT	AGE_IN_YEARS	RUN_CENTER	PCR_PRIMERS	LIBRARY_CONSTRUCTION_PROTOCOL	LATITUDE	PMID	REGION	SAMP_SIZE	Description	SIMPLE_BODY_SITE	TITLE_ACRONYM	TITLE_BODY_SITE	HMP_SITE
AmzC25teenF.418537	GTCACGACTATT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	12.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs282	ggs282	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC25teenF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	12	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h18A.4.418403	GCTGTAGTATGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	1.35	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs42	ggs42	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h18A.4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.35	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt34.M.418823	GTAGCGCGAGTT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	36.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs390	ggs390	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt34.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	36	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt36.M.418734	TACCGCTAGTAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	42.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs394	ggs394	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt36.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	42	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC1babyF1.418864	GTAGACTGCGTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Cousin	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs273	ggs273	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC1babyF1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt31.M.418440	TAGACTGTACTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	41.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs387	ggs387	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt31.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	41	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC32adltF.418671	TACAGTCTCATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	20.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs317	ggs317	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC32adltF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	20	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS186.418605	GTATGACTGGCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs133	ggs133	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS186	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h47B.1.418571	GTGAGGTCGCTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	0.6	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs86	ggs86	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h47B.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.6	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h60B.2.418433	GCTGTGTAGGAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	2.05	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs90	ggs90	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h60B.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2.05	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt8.M.418616	TACGTGTACGTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	35.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs334	ggs334	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt8.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	35	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USBldChld2.418414	GCTTACATCGAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	4.5	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-105.27	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	1629.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs208	ggs208	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USBldChld2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	4.5	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	40.01499	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp36Mom.418718	TAGCCTCTCTGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	36.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs138	ggs138	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp36Mom	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	36	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h279B.2.418514	GTAGATGCTTCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	0.95	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs70	ggs70	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h279B.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.95	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h259M.1.418374	GGCGTACTGATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs61	ggs61	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h259M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h85A.1.418700	TAGCGACATCTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	0.76	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs100	ggs100	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h85A.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.76	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt25.T1.418406	GTGTGTGTCAGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs415	ggs415	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt25.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h68A.4.418806	GCTTGCGAGACA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	1.7	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs93	ggs93	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h68A.4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.7	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt52.M.418736	GTAGCTGACGCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	43.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs511	ggs511	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt52.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	43	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC11adltF1.418359	GTTCGCGTATAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	37.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	SisterAdlt	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs306	ggs306	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC11adltF1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	37	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp35Mom.418515	TAGAGAGAGTGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	44.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs200	ggs200	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp35Mom	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	44	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt48.F.418551	TACATCACCACA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	41.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs499	ggs499	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt48.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	41	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt22.T1.418770	GTGTGCTATCAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs380	ggs380	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt22.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS185.418675	GTACAAGAGTGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	24.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs132	ggs132	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS185	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	24	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC2chldM1.418776	GTAGCGCGAGTT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	2.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Brother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs295	ggs295	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC2chldM1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt53.F.418830	GTCTCATGTAGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	48.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs453	ggs453	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt53.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	48	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt45.M.418662	GTGAGGTCGCTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	53.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs420	ggs420	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt45.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	53	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt35.T2.418689	GTCCATAGCTAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs391	ggs391	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt35.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS8.418379	TAGATCCTCGAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	26.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs122	ggs122	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS8	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	26	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC2babyF.418803	GGCTATGACATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	0.417	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Sister	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs294	ggs294	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC2babyF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.417	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz4chldM2.418774	GGTGCGTGTATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	6.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Son	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs233	ggs233	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz4chldM2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	6	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS164.418396	TACGTGTACGTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	25.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs129	ggs129	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS164	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt9.T2.418652	TACGGTATGTCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs430	ggs430	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt9.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt12.T2.418790	TAGCCTCTCTGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	13.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs359	ggs359	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt12.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	13	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw5.1.418422	GGACGTCACAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.25	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs168	ggs168	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw5.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt22.T2.418493	TACAGATGGCTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs408	ggs408	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt22.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt36.T2.418655	GTTAGAGCACTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	13.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs393	ggs393	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt36.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	13	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp18Child.418782	TAGACTGTACTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	3.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs192	ggs192	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp18Child	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	3	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USBldChld10.418660	TAGCATCGTGGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	1.3	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-105.27	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	1629.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs215	ggs215	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USBldChld10	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.3	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	40.01499	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz18chld.418680	GTCTCATGTAGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	3.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs267	ggs267	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz18chld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	3	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC30adltF.418737	GTAGATGCTTCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	38.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs313	ggs313	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC30adltF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	38	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h95A.1.418344	GTCTCATGTAGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	1.25	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs104	ggs104	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h95A.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt15.T2.418859	GTGCACATTATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs466	ggs466	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt15.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt26.T2.418693	GGCGTACTGATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs381	ggs381	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt26.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt28.M.418808	GTATGTTGCTCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	47.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs480	ggs480	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt28.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	47	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS3.418472	GTAGTGTCTAGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs117	ggs117	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS3	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt25.B1.418792	TAAGCGCAGCAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	11.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Brother1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs475	ggs475	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt25.B1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	11	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw5.2.418695	GTACTCTAGACT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.25	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs169	ggs169	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw5.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt50.T2.418852	GTCCATAGCTAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs504	ggs504	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt50.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz20chld.418556	GTTGACGACAGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	4.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs229	ggs229	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz20chld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	4	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC15infF.418468	GTGTCTACATTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	0.75	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs276	ggs276	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC15infF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.75	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz6teen.418569	GTATGCGCTGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Granddaughter	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs258	ggs258	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz6teen	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt33.T1.418574	GGCTATGACATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs389	ggs389	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt33.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt40.F.418369	TACAGATGGCTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	49.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs520	ggs520	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt40.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	49	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt12.T1.418615	GTACAAGAGTGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	13.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs463	ggs463	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt12.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	13	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt12.M.418543	GCTTGCGAGACA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	43.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs335	ggs335	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt12.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	43	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt22.M.418388	TACTTACTGCAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	50.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs409	ggs409	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt22.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	50	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp33Mom.418698	GTTAGAGCACTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	45.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs198	ggs198	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp33Mom	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	45	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt30.T2.418609	TACTGCGACAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs484	ggs484	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt30.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw8.1.418366	TACTGCGACAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.33	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs174	ggs174	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw8.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.33	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h37S.1.418552	TAGTGTGCTTCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs84	ggs84	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h37S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS194.418607	GTGCACATTATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	30.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs135	ggs135	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS194	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	30	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt4.F.418451	GTATATCCGCAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	54.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs345	ggs345	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt4.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	54	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt27.T2.418523	GTCTTCGTCGCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	13.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs384	ggs384	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt27.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	13	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw1.1.418752	GCTTGCGAGACA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	0.08	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs139	ggs139	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw1.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.08	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h147A.4.418376	GTGGCGATACAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	2.65	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs25	ggs25	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h147A.4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2.65	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw21.1.418467	TACTTCGCTCGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.25	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs189	ggs189	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw21.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC12chldM.418512	TAGCGGATCACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	4.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Son	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs271	ggs271	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC12chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	4	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt21.F.418579	GTACGGCATACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	41.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs471	ggs471	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt21.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	41	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS110.418428	GCTTACATCGAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	28.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs123	ggs123	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS110	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	28	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt32.M.418562	GTCTCTCTACGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	35.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs489	ggs489	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt32.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	35	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw15.1.418587	GTCACGACTATT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.67	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs178	ggs178	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw15.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.67	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h165S.1.418584	GTATGTTGCTCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs31	ggs31	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h165S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC7chldM.418599	TACAGATGGCTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	10.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Son	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs285	ggs285	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC7chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	10	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h273A.2.418494	TACAGATGGCTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	0.93	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.1	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2889.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs66	ggs66	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h273A.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.93	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.183	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw20.1.418640	GTGTGTGTCAGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.08	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs187	ggs187	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw20.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.08	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt9.M.418560	GTACAAGAGTGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	46.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs353	ggs353	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt9.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	46	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h209A.2.418702	TACACACATGGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	0.56	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs46	ggs46	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h209A.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.56	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt2.M.418457	GTGAGGTCGCTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	30.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs324	ggs324	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt2.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	30	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz32eldF.418511	GCTTGCGAGACA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	56.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs256	ggs256	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz32eldF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	56	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h273B.2.418501	TACTTACTGCAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	0.93	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.1	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2889.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs67	ggs67	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h273B.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.93	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.183	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw12.2.418448	TAGCTCGTAACT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	0.5	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs152	ggs152	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw12.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.5	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp41Infant.418542	GGTATACGCAGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	1.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs202	ggs202	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp41Infant	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt17.T1.418600	GTCTCATGTAGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs363	ggs363	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt17.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt46.F.418450	GTGGCGATACAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	57.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs446	ggs446	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt46.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	57	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw10.1.418518	GTCAACGCGATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	0.42	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs147	ggs147	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw10.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.42	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt21.T1.418559	GGCAGTGTATCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs376	ggs376	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt21.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt33.M.418638	GTGTCTACATTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	47.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs490	ggs490	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt33.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	47	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt21.M.418797	GTCACGACTATT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	39.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs378	ggs378	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt21.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	39	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h301B.1.418486	GTCGACTCCTCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	0.05	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs74	ggs74	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h301B.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.05	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
F3T2pre4.418583	GTACAAGAGTGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	23.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs217	ggs217	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	F3T2pre4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	23	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz14chld.418565	TACGCGCTGAGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	1.17	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs230	ggs230	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz14chld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.17	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt51.F.418349	TAGTGCTGCGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	57.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs509	ggs509	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt51.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	57	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h85M.1.418596	GTACTCTAGACT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	28.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs102	ggs102	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h85M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	28	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw7.2.418463	TACACACATGGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.33	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs173	ggs173	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw7.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.33	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt23.M.418612	GGCGACATGTAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	49.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs411	ggs411	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt23.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	49	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h121A.1.418420	TACGGTATGTCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	0.43	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs7	ggs7	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h121A.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.43	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC12adltF.418473	GTCTTCGTCGCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	40.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs289	ggs289	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC12adltF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	40	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt29.M.418603	GTGTTGCAGCAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	52.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs385	ggs385	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt29.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	52	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt6.T2.418728	GTTGTATACTCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs429	ggs429	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt6.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz13chld.418761	GTGGCGATACAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	1.17	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs260	ggs260	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz13chld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.17	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt19.M.418397	GTCTCTCTACGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	43.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs371	ggs371	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt19.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	43	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt54.AS.418858	GTCGTAGCCAGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	2.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	AdoptedSister	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs427	ggs427	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt54.AS	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS111.418684	GGTGCGTGTATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	57.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs124	ggs124	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS111	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	57	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt22.F.418477	GTATGCGCTGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	50.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs472	ggs472	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt22.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	50	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt52.T1.418819	TAGATCCTCGAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs423	ggs423	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt52.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw16.2.418641	TACAGATGGCTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.75	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs181	ggs181	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw16.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.75	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC2chldM2.418482	GTCGACTCCTCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	4.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Brother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs304	ggs304	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC2chldM2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	4	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz31adlt.418759	GGTCGTAGCGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	49.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs249	ggs249	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz31adlt	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	49	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt47.T2.418762	GTAGCAACGTCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs495	ggs495	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt47.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h101B.3.418378	GTGATAGTGCCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	1.53	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs2	ggs2	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h101B.3	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.53	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h47M.1.418653	GTTGACGACAGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs87	ggs87	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h47M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt39.T1.418416	GTCACGACTATT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs517	ggs517	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt39.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt3.T2.418807	GTGATAGTGCCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs428	ggs428	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt3.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC6chldM1.418778	GGTATACGCAGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	4.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Son	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs302	ggs302	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC6chldM1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	4	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h264A.2.418362	GGCTATGACATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	0.8	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs63	ggs63	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h264A.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.8	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h235A.1.418717	GTCAACGCGATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	0.67	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs52	ggs52	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h235A.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.67	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt26.M.418352	GTAGCAACGTCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	50.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs382	ggs382	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt26.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	50	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz3chldM2.418434	GTCGCTGTCTTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	4.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Brother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs227	ggs227	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz3chldM2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	4	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt10.T1.418683	GTATGACTGGCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs354	ggs354	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt10.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h257M.1.418454	TACTGGACGCGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	23.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs57	ggs57	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h257M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	23	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h279S.1.418358	GTCTGGATAGCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs72	ggs72	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h279S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt48.M.418794	GTGTTGCAGCAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	41.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs498	ggs498	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt48.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	41	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt11.F.418661	GGTGCGTGTATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	43.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs458	ggs458	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt11.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	43	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp11Child.418850	TAGTGCTGCGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	6.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs201	ggs201	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp11Child	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	6	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt27.F.418639	TACGTGTACGTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	47.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs433	ggs433	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt27.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	47	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw2.2.418678	GTCTATCGGAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	0.08	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs142	ggs142	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw2.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.08	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h146A.4.418620	TACATCACCACA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	2.21	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs22	ggs22	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h146A.4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2.21	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h165A.1.418855	TAGCGACATCTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	0.44	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs28	ggs28	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h165A.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.44	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC3babyF.418526	GTCCATAGCTAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	0.5	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Daughter	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs296	ggs296	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC3babyF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.5	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h121S.1.418415	GCTTACATCGAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs9	ggs9	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h121S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt10.T2.418815	GTCTACACACAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs355	ggs355	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt10.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC6adltF.418525	GTGTTGCAGCAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	24.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs290	ggs290	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC6adltF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	24	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt1.M.418373	GTAGTGTCTAGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	54.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs322	ggs322	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt1.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	54	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC8adltM.418389	GTCATATCGTAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	83.2	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs314	ggs314	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC8adltM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	83.2	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz17chld.418460	TAACAGTCGCTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	2.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs237	ggs237	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz17chld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw1.2.418491	GTACGGCATACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	0.08	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs140	ggs140	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw1.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.08	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt44.T1.418626	GTACGGCATACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs443	ggs443	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt44.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h85B.1.418749	GGACGTCACAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	0.76	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs101	ggs101	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h85B.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.76	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC26chldF.418710	GTCTGACAGTTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	11.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs283	ggs283	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC26chldF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	11	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h259B.2.418617	GTAGAGCTGTTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	0.11	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs60	ggs60	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h259B.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.11	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt35.T1.418610	TACTGGACGCGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs492	ggs492	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt35.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp50Infant.418380	GTCGACTCCTCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	1.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs204	ggs204	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp50Infant	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h35A.3.418524	GTAGTGTCTAGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	1.89	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.1	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2889.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs79	ggs79	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h35A.3	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.89	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.183	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h9A.5.418658	GTCAACGCGATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	2.02	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs108	ggs108	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h9A.5	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2.02	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h305M.1.418771	TACTTCGCTCGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	23.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs78	ggs78	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h305M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	23	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h60M.1.418694	GGTCGTAGCGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	27.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs91	ggs91	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h60M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	27	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp18Mom.418783	TAGTCGTCTAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	40.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs193	ggs193	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp18Mom	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	40	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt44.F.418709	TACTTCGCTCGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	44.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs529	ggs529	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt44.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	44	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h78A.4.418851	GTCTATCGGAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	1.89	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs96	ggs96	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h78A.4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.89	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp1Mom.418814	GTAGCAACGTCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	24.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs154	ggs154	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp1Mom	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	24	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt30.F.418729	TAGCGGATCACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	50.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs485	ggs485	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt30.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	50	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt20.T1.418564	TACACGATCTAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs373	ggs373	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt20.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt19.T2.418432	GTCAACGCGATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs370	ggs370	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt19.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt11.T1.418632	TAACTCTGATGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	13.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs357	ggs357	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt11.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	13	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h181M.1.418631	TAGGTATCTCAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs35	ggs35	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h181M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt6.M.418593	TAGCACACCTAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	44.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs350	ggs350	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt6.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	44	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz25chld.418466	GTCTATCGGAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	8.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs259	ggs259	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz25chld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	8	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC11adltF2.418843	TACTTCGCTCGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	23.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	SisterAdlt	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs318	ggs318	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC11adltF2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	23	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h130A.4.418604	GTGCAATCGACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	2.39	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs15	ggs15	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h130A.4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2.39	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt42.T1.418811	GTTCGCGTATAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs401	ggs401	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt42.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt5.F.418630	TACGGTATGTCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	45.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs349	ggs349	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt5.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	45	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h305B.2.418820	GTGTGTGTCAGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	0.39	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs76	ggs76	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h305B.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.39	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt18.T2.418629	TAGCGGATCACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs367	ggs367	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt18.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz5eldF.418421	GTGTACCTATCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	73.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Grandmother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs268	ggs268	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz5eldF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	73	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h186B.1.418751	GTACGGCATACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	2.02	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs38	ggs38	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h186B.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2.02	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz30adlt.418837	TACTAATCTGCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	45.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs246	ggs246	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz30adlt	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	45	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt25.B2.418685	TAACAGTCGCTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	9.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Brother2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs432	ggs432	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt25.B2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	9	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt48.T2.418547	GTCTTCGTCGCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs497	ggs497	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt48.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h209S.1.418365	TAGACTGTACTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs49	ggs49	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h209S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h68B.4.418611	GTACGGCATACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	1.7	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs94	ggs94	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h68B.4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.7	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h9S.1.418789	GTAGACTGCGTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs111	ggs111	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h9S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt49.T2.418670	GGACGTCACAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs450	ggs450	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt49.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt11.T2.418503	TACTAATCTGCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	13.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs358	ggs358	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt11.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	13	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h146M.1.418838	GTGCACATTATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	33.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs24	ggs24	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h146M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	33	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt38.T1.418654	GGCAGTGTATCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	17.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs515	ggs515	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt38.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	17	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt47.F.418643	TAGCGACATCTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	53.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs449	ggs449	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt47.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	53	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS4.418810	GTCGCTGTCTTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	25.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs118	ggs118	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h208A.1.418529	GTCTCATGTAGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	0.03	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs44	ggs44	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h208A.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.03	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h235M.1.418489	TAGTCGTCTAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	33.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs54	ggs54	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h235M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	33	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt16.F.418383	GTATGTTGCTCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	46.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs362	ggs362	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt16.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	46	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt31.T1.418408	GGATCGCAGATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs486	ggs486	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt31.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt25.S1.418338	TACTACATGGTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	7.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Sister1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs476	ggs476	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt25.S1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	7	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt51.T1.418476	GTTAGAGCACTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs506	ggs506	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt51.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC4chldF.418677	GTGACCTGATGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	1.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Daughter	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs297	ggs297	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC4chldF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC27teenF.418647	GTGTGCTATCAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	12.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs284	ggs284	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC27teenF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	12	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC17chldM.418400	TACACGATCTAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	1.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs277	ggs277	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC17chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz6eldM.418356	GCTGTGTAGGAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	80.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs248	ggs248	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz6eldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	80	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h146B.4.418409	GTCTACACACAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	2.21	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs23	ggs23	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h146B.4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2.21	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt51.M.418844	TAGAGAGAGTGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	55.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs508	ggs508	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt51.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	55	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt25.F.418747	GTGGCGATACAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	44.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs474	ggs474	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt25.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	44	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz1teenF.418404	GTATGTTGCTCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Sister	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs266	ggs266	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz1teenF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp60Mom.418566	TACGATGACCAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	33.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs206	ggs206	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp60Mom	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	33	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC18chldM.418443	GTGCACATTATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	1.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs220	ggs220	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC18chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USBldChld4.418528	GTATCCATGCGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	6.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-105.27	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	1629.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs210	ggs210	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USBldChld4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	6	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	40.01499	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt44.T2.418648	TACAGTCTCATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs528	ggs528	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt44.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt16.M.418462	TAGCCTCTCTGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	42.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs469	ggs469	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt16.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	42	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz23chld.418722	TAGCACACCTAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	7.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs255	ggs255	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz23chld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	7	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt32.S1.418608	TAGTCGTCTAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	8.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Sister1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs388	ggs388	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt32.S1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	8	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw15.2.418748	GTCTGACAGTTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.67	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs179	ggs179	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw15.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.67	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt47.T1.418692	TAAGCGCAGCAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs447	ggs447	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt47.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt13.T1.418495	GTATGCGCTGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs337	ggs337	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt13.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt7.T1.418622	GGTGCGTGTATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	13.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs329	ggs329	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt7.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	13	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h68M.1.418773	GTATGCGCTGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	26.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs95	ggs95	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h68M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	26	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h78M.1.418725	TAAGCGCAGCAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	25.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs98	ggs98	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h78M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h181B.1.418825	TACTAATCTGCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	0.21	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs33	ggs33	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h181B.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.21	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt44.M.418360	GTATGCGCTGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	42.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs444	ggs444	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt44.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	42	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS163.418636	TAACAGTCGCTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	25.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs128	ggs128	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS163	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USBldChld8.418589	TACGTGTACGTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	1.6	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-105.27	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	1629.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs214	ggs214	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USBldChld8	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.6	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	40.01499	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USBldChld5.418733	GTCGTGTGTCAA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	3.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-105.27	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	1629.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs211	ggs211	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USBldChld5	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	3	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	40.01499	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz26chld.418481	TAGCCTCTCTGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	9.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs247	ggs247	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz26chld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	9	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h259A.2.418342	GGCAGTGTATCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	0.11	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs59	ggs59	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h259A.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.11	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h228S.1.418436	GTAGACTGCGTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs51	ggs51	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h228S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC1babyF2.418461	GTCAACGCGATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	0.417	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Cousin	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs274	ggs274	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC1babyF2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.417	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt32.T2.418437	TAGCATCGTGGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs434	ggs434	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt32.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt40.T2.418474	GCTTGCGAGACA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs442	ggs442	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt40.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz19chld.418410	GTAGTGTCTAGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	4.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs226	ggs226	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz19chld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	4	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt37.T2.418585	TAGCTCGTAACT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs493	ggs493	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt37.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt42.M.418663	TACGATGACCAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	45.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs402	ggs402	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt42.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	45	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt21.B1.418713	GTCTGACAGTTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	3.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Brother1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs379	ggs379	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt21.B1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	3	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz2infF.418430	GTATCCATGCGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	1.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Daughter	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs234	ggs234	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz2infF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS14.418541	GTATATCCGCAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	27.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs160	ggs160	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS14	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	27	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw13.1.418775	GGCAGTGTATCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.58	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs176	ggs176	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw13.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.58	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h235B.1.418464	GTCTCTCTACGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	0.67	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs53	ggs53	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h235B.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.67	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS2.418517	GGTCACTGACAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	28.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs116	ggs116	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	28	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h60S.1.418532	GTATATCCGCAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs92	ggs92	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h60S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h37A.1.418724	GTTCGCGTATAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	0.94	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs81	ggs81	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h37A.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.94	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt52.T2.418721	GGTATACGCAGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs510	ggs510	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt52.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h301M.1.418627	GTGACTGCGGAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs75	ggs75	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h301M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw21.2.418540	TAGGTATCTCAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.25	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs190	ggs190	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw21.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt36.T1.418651	GTCTACACACAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	13.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs438	ggs438	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt36.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	13	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
k278M.1.418667	GTGACCTGATGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs114	ggs114	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	k278M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw9.1.418845	GGATCGCAGATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	0.42	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs145	ggs145	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw9.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.42	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt43.F.418760	GTGTGTGTCAGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	45.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs527	ggs527	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt43.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	45	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt41.T1.418847	TACTTACTGCAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs521	ggs521	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt41.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS184.418577	GCTTCATAGTGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	24.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs131	ggs131	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS184	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	24	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC3adltM.418849	GTAGCAACGTCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	66.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Grandfather	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs287	ggs287	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC3adltM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	66	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt4.T2.418732	GCTGTGTAGGAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs343	ggs343	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt4.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h122S.1.418581	GGTATACGCAGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs11	ggs11	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h122S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
F3T1pre4.418699	GCTTCATAGTGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	23.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs216	ggs216	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	F3T1pre4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	23	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt50.F.418499	TACGCGCTGAGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	54.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs422	ggs422	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt50.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	54	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC20chldM.418602	TACTAATCTGCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	2.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs222	ggs222	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC20chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt5.M.418357	GTTGTATACTCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	41.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs348	ggs348	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt5.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	41	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz7adltF.418395	TAAGCGCAGCAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	29.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	DaughterAdlt	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs261	ggs261	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz7adltF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	29	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp33ChildA.418742	GTCCATAGCTAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	5.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs196	ggs196	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp33ChildA	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	5	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt16.T1.418527	TACTAATCTGCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	13.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs468	ggs468	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt16.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	13	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz33eld.418866	GTACGGCATACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	66.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs257	ggs257	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz33eld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	66	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt38.M.418740	TAGTGCTGCGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	45.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs396	ggs396	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt38.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	45	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz34eld.418382	TACTGCGACAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	74.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs270	ggs270	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz34eld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	74	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt28.T1.418827	GGACGTCACAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs478	ggs478	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt28.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt32.T1.418708	GTCAACGCGATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs488	ggs488	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt32.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h130M.1.418533	TACGTGTACGTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs17	ggs17	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h130M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt18.M.418867	GGATCGCAGATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	50.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs368	ggs368	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt18.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	50	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS128.418470	GTCGTGTGTCAA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	25.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs126	ggs126	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS128	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt24.T1.418841	GTAGATGCTTCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs412	ggs412	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt24.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw12.1.418649	TACTGGACGCGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	0.5	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs151	ggs151	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw12.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.5	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt25.M.418835	TACTTCGCTCGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	44.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs417	ggs417	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt25.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	44	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC6chldM2.418719	TAGCTCGTAACT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	7.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Son	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs279	ggs279	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC6chldM2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	7	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USBldAdlt6.418795	GTGCAATCGACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	33.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-105.27	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	1629.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs212	ggs212	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USBldAdlt6	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	33	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	40.01499	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz4chldM1.418767	GTGCACATTATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	5.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Son	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs244	ggs244	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz4chldM1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	5	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt54.F.418487	TACTGCGACAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	46.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs456	ggs456	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt54.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	46	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h305C.2.418553	TACAGTCTCATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	0.39	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin3	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs77	ggs77	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h305C.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.39	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt43.M.418520	GTCTGGATAGCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	48.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs526	ggs526	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt43.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	48	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC4adltF.418372	TACGATGACCAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	31.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs307	ggs307	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC4adltF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	31	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp25Child.418345	GGCTATGACATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	6.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs194	ggs194	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp25Child	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	6	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS15.418765	GTCGTAGCCAGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs161	ggs161	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS15	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt39.M.418483	GTAGCTGACGCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	54.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs398	ggs398	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt39.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	54	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h165B.1.418384	GGACGTCACAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	0.44	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs29	ggs29	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h165B.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.44	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz9baby.418635	TACGTGTACGTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	0.42	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs238	ggs238	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz9baby	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.42	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt51.T2.418469	TACCGCTAGTAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs507	ggs507	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt51.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw2.1.418478	GTATGCGCTGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	0.08	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs141	ggs141	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw2.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.08	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt1.F.418592	GTCGCTGTCTTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	57.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs323	ggs323	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt1.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	57	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt46.T1.418865	TAGGTATCTCAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs530	ggs530	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt46.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz5teenF.418519	TAACTCTGATGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	18.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Sister	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs245	ggs245	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz5teenF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	18	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt27.T1.418441	GTCATTCACGAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	13.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs383	ggs383	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt27.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	13	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw6.2.418594	GTCTCATGTAGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.25	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs171	ggs171	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw6.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp35Child.418784	TACCGCTAGTAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	9.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs199	ggs199	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp35Child	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	9	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw17.1.418390	TACTTACTGCAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.75	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs182	ggs182	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw17.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.75	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt38.F.418465	GGTATACGCAGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	44.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs397	ggs397	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt38.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	44	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC5chldF.418839	TAGTGCTGCGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	2.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Daughter	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs301	ggs301	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC5chldF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz15chld.418538	GTACAAGAGTGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	1.5	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs241	ggs241	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz15chld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.5	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h181S.1.418723	GCTTGCGAGACA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs36	ggs36	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h181S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt14.T1.418853	TAAGCGCAGCAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs340	ggs340	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt14.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC19chldM.418646	TAACTCTGATGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	2.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs221	ggs221	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC19chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS13.418619	GGTCGTAGCGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	27.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs159	ggs159	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS13	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	27	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h301A.1.418425	GTAGCTGACGCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	0.05	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs73	ggs73	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h301A.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.05	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp60Child.418703	GTTCGCGTATAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	1.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs205	ggs205	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp60Child	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h181C.1.418714	TAGCCTCTCTGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	0.21	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin3	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs34	ggs34	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h181C.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.21	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt47.M.418401	TACTACATGGTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	48.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs448	ggs448	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt47.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	48	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw9.2.418769	GTAGACTGCGTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	0.42	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs146	ggs146	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw9.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.42	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt1.T2.418785	GGTCACTGACAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs321	ggs321	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt1.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h101S.1.418475	GTGTTGCAGCAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs4	ggs4	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h101S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h257A.1.418826	GTGTCTACATTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	0.19	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs55	ggs55	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h257A.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.19	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h228M.1.418505	GGATCGCAGATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs50	ggs50	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h228M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC2adltF.418621	TACATCACCACA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	24.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs291	ggs291	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC2adltF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	24	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC9adltM.418480	TAGGTATCTCAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	60.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs319	ggs319	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC9adltM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	60	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt11.M.418479	GCTTCATAGTGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	46.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs462	ggs462	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt11.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	46	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h95S.1.418544	TACTGCGACAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs107	ggs107	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h95S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt17.M.418444	TACACACATGGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	43.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs365	ggs365	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt17.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	43	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt8.T1.418829	GTGCAATCGACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs332	ggs332	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt8.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h95M.1.418831	TACACACATGGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	24.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs106	ggs106	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h95M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	24	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS1.418828	GCTGTAGTATGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	28.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs115	ggs115	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	28	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp4Mom.418666	TACATCACCACA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	35.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs191	ggs191	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp4Mom	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	35	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt15.F.418688	TAACTCTGATGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	48.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs467	ggs467	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt15.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	48	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt3.M.418496	TACGCGCTGAGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	41.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs326	ggs326	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt3.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	41	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp3Child.418614	GTCATTCACGAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	6.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs155	ggs155	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp3Child	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	6	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt20.T2.418500	TACTGGACGCGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs374	ggs374	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt20.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt49.F.418818	GGCTATGACATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	44.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs502	ggs502	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt49.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	44	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw18.2.418796	GTAGATGCTTCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.92	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs184	ggs184	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw18.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.92	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt30.M.418398	TACATCACCACA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	47.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs386	ggs386	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt30.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	47	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt1.T1.418417	GCTGTAGTATGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs320	ggs320	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt1.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC23chldM.418498	GGCAGTGTATCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	4.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs280	ggs280	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC23chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	4	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw13.2.418343	GTAGAGCTGTTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.58	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs177	ggs177	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw13.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.58	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h128A.1.418657	GGTGCGTGTATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	0.76	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs12	ggs12	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h128A.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.76	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC22chldM.418704	GTAGCTGACGCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	5.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs303	ggs303	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC22chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	5	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USBldInf3.418459	GGTGCGTGTATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	0.83	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-105.27	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	1629.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs209	ggs209	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USBldInf3	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.83	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	40.01499	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC21chldM.418442	TACTGGACGCGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	1.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs278	ggs278	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC21chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz28chld.418508	TACACACATGGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	11.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs269	ggs269	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz28chld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	11	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt41.B1.418570	GTAGATGCTTCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	10.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Brother1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs524	ggs524	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt41.B1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	10	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt8.F.418739	TAGCATCGTGGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	37.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs351	ggs351	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt8.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	37	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC3adltF.418561	GTCTGGATAGCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	33.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs315	ggs315	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC3adltF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	33	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC11adltF3.418391	GGCGTACTGATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	60.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs286	ggs286	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC11adltF3	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	60	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h10M.1.418706	TAGAGAGAGTGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	26.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs6	ggs6	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h10M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	26	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h47A.1.418772	GTCGCTGTCTTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	0.6	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs85	ggs85	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h47A.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.6	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC13babyF.418665	GGATCGCAGATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	0.33	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs272	ggs272	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC13babyF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.33	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz5chldM.418822	TACTACATGGTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	11.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Brother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs262	ggs262	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz5chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	11	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz11inf.418832	GTGATAGTGCCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	1.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs252	ggs252	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz11inf	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt37.T1.418580	GTGCACATTATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs439	ggs439	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt37.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp4Infant.418833	GTGTTGCAGCAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	1.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs157	ggs157	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp4Infant	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt24.T2.418363	GTCATATCGTAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs413	ggs413	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt24.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h101A.3.418669	GTCGTAGCCAGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	1.53	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs1	ggs1	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h101A.3	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.53	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt25.T2.418341	TACAGTCTCATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs416	ggs416	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt25.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz2adltF.418633	TAGCATCGTGGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	35.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs239	ggs239	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz2adltF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	35	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt20.M.418572	TAGCTCGTAACT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	43.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs375	ggs375	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt20.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	43	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt23.F.418490	GTGCAATCGACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	50.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs461	ggs461	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt23.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	50	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt18.T1.418786	TACTGCGACAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs366	ggs366	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt18.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt15.T1.418779	TAGCGACATCTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs342	ggs342	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt15.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt41.F.418802	GGCGACATGTAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	44.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs523	ggs523	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt41.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	44	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt33.T2.418787	GCTTCATAGTGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs435	ggs435	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt33.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw10.2.418840	GTCTCTCTACGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	0.42	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs148	ggs148	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw10.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.42	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC5chldM.418590	GTTAGAGCACTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	1.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Son	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs298	ggs298	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC5chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS25.418407	GTGATAGTGCCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	26.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs162	ggs162	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS25	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	26	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt49.B1.418842	GTAGCGCGAGTT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	9.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Brother1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs503	ggs503	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt49.B1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	9	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt34.F.418402	TACACGATCTAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	40.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs491	ggs491	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt34.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	40	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt9.T1.418606	GCTTCATAGTGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs352	ggs352	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt9.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt23.T2.418458	TAGCTGAGTCCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs410	ggs410	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt23.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz10baby.418545	GTATGACTGGCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	0.5	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs242	ggs242	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz10baby	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.5	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt4.M.418367	GGTCGTAGCGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	47.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs344	ggs344	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt4.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	47	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz5chldF2.418405	GTCTACACACAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	11.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Sister	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs243	ggs243	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz5chldF2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	11	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw19.1.418798	GTCATATCGTAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.42	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs185	ggs185	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw19.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.42	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt44.B1.418371	GGTCACTGACAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	7.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Brother1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs406	ggs406	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt44.B1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	7	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS129.418618	GTGCAATCGACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	53.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs127	ggs127	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS129	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	53	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz4adltF.418711	GTCGTGTGTCAA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	28.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs235	ggs235	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz4adltF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	28	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h10A.1.418427	GTTAGAGCACTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	1.3	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs5	ggs5	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h10A.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.3	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h37M.1.418863	TAGATAGCAGGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	27.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs83	ggs83	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h37M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	27	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt37.B1.418521	TAGAGAGAGTGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	10.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Brother1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs395	ggs395	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt37.B1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	10	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt49.T1.418399	TAGACTGTACTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs500	ggs500	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt49.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz29adlt.418370	TACGGTATGTCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	39.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs254	ggs254	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz29adlt	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	39	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h273M.1.418507	TAGCTGAGTCCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	32.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.1	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2889.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs68	ggs68	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h273M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	32	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.183	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt48.T1.418674	GTCATTCACGAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs496	ggs496	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt48.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h257B.1.418419	TACACGATCTAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	0.19	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs56	ggs56	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h257B.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.19	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw7.1.418386	GTGTACCTATCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.33	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs172	ggs172	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw7.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.33	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC31adltF.418549	TAGTCGTCTAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	21.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs293	ggs293	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC31adltF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	21	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt6.AS.418353	GCTTACATCGAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	10.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	AdoptedSister	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs328	ggs328	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt6.AS	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	10	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS26.418393	GTTGTATACTCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	26.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs163	ggs163	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS26	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	26	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt4.T1.418764	TAGATCCTCGAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs327	ggs327	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt4.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h47S.1.418625	TACGCGCTGAGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs88	ggs88	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h47S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt40.T1.418834	GTCTGACAGTTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs518	ggs518	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt40.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt5.T2.418805	GTGATAGTGCCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs347	ggs347	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt5.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h264M.1.418377	GTGTGCTATCAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	44.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs65	ggs65	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h264M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	44	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt45.T2.418535	GTCGCTGTCTTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs419	ggs419	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt45.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC8chldF.418522	TACTTACTGCAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	11.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Daughter	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs310	ggs310	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC8chldF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	11	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt20.F.418339	GCTTGCGAGACA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	49.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs470	ggs470	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt20.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	49	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw11.1.418800	GTGTCTACATTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	0.5	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs149	ggs149	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw11.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.5	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h9M.1.418588	GGATCGCAGATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	24.03	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs110	ggs110	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h9M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	24.03	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw8.2.418804	TAGCGGATCACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.33	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs175	ggs175	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw8.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.33	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt7.M.418598	GTCGTGTGTCAA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	47.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs331	ggs331	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt7.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	47	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h147M.1.418531	TACTACATGGTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	20.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs27	ggs27	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h147M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	20	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt46.M.418453	GGCGTACTGATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	50.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs494	ggs494	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt46.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	50	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
k278A.2.418424	GTAGCGCGAGTT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	16.72	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs112	ggs112	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	k278A.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16.72	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt37.M.418793	GTTCGCGTATAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	51.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs514	ggs514	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt37.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	51	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt35.M.418364	GTGACCTGATGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	39.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs392	ggs392	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt35.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	39	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h60A.2.418856	TAGATCCTCGAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	2.05	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs89	ggs89	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h60A.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2.05	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz12inf.418624	TAGATCCTCGAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	1.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs231	ggs231	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz12inf	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h181A.1.418791	TAACTCTGATGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	0.21	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs32	ggs32	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h181A.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.21	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp41Mom.418801	GTAGCTGACGCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	26.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs203	ggs203	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp41Mom	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	26	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h18B.4.418355	GGTCACTGACAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	1.35	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs43	ggs43	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h18B.4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.35	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h186C.1.418575	GTCATTCACGAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	2.02	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin3	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs39	ggs39	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h186C.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2.02	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt16.B1.418368	GTCGTGTGTCAA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	11.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Brother1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs460	ggs460	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt16.B1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	11	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h122M.1.418534	TAGTGCTGCGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	38.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs10	ggs10	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h122M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	38	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC3chldM.418539	TACCGCTAGTAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	2.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Son	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs299	ggs299	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC3chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt5.T1.418573	GTCGTAGCCAGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs346	ggs346	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt5.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt13.F.418411	GTGGCGATACAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	48.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs339	ggs339	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt13.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	48	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz7eldM.418423	GCTGTAGTATGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	53.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	FatherAdlt	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs224	ggs224	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz7eldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	53	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt43.T1.418816	TAGTGTGCTTCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs404	ggs404	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt43.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC24chldM.418746	GTAGAGCTGTTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	11.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs281	ggs281	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC24chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	11	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h264B.2.418350	GTCTGACAGTTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	0.8	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs64	ggs64	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h264B.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.8	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h101M.1.418586	GTTGTATACTCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	24.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs3	ggs3	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h101M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	24	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt54.T1.418381	GTGTACCTATCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs454	ggs454	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt54.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt14.M.418857	TACTACATGGTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	49.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs341	ggs341	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt14.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	49	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h9B.5.418656	TAGCGGATCACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	2.02	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs109	ggs109	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h9B.5	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2.02	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt39.F.418756	GTCGACTCCTCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	46.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs399	ggs399	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt39.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	46	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz3chldM1.418601	GCTTCATAGTGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	3.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Brother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs240	ggs240	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz3chldM1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	3	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h147B.4.418548	TAAGCGCAGCAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	2.65	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs26	ggs26	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h147B.4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2.65	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt46.T2.418679	GTTGACGACAGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs421	ggs421	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt46.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h130B.4.418471	TAACAGTCGCTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	2.39	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs16	ggs16	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h130B.4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2.39	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC7adltF.418582	GGCGACATGTAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	38.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs312	ggs312	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC7adltF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	38	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USBld1.418516	TAGTGTGCTTCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	1.25	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-105.27	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	1629.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs207	ggs207	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USBld1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	40.01499	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt53.T2.418455	GGTCGTAGCGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs425	ggs425	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt53.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt50.T1.418743	GTACTCTAGACT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs451	ggs451	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt50.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw19.2.418595	GTCTGGATAGCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.42	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs186	ggs186	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw19.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.42	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt9.F.418438	TAGCACACCTAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	46.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs431	ggs431	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt9.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	46	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz6chldM.418668	GTGCAATCGACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	11.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Son	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs236	ggs236	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz6chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	11	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h128M.1.418754	GTATCCATGCGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs13	ggs13	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h128M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
k278B.2.418686	GTCCATAGCTAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	16.72	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs113	ggs113	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	k278B.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16.72	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt39.T2.418351	TAGCCTCTCTGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs441	ggs441	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt39.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt50.M.418681	GTGACCTGATGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	50.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs505	ggs505	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt50.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	50	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC28chldM.418506	TAGCTGAGTCCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	11.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs311	ggs311	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC28chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	11	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt10.M.418687	GTGCACATTATC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	46.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs356	ggs356	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt10.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	46	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz27chld.418705	GGACGTCACAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	9.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs264	ggs264	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz27chld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	9	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h209B.2.418447	TACTGCGACAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	0.56	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs47	ggs47	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h209B.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.56	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h144B.1.418701	GTACAAGAGTGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	1.22	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs20	ggs20	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h144B.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.22	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw20.2.418696	TACAGTCTCATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.08	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs188	ggs188	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw20.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.08	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz6eldF.418597	GTGAGGTCGCTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	60.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Grandmother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs228	ggs228	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz6eldF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	60	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h78B.4.418738	GTGGCGATACAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	1.89	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs97	ggs97	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h78B.4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.89	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw4.2.418348	TAGCGACATCTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.17	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs167	ggs167	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw4.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.17	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h121B.1.418650	TAGCACACCTAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	0.43	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs8	ggs8	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h121B.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.43	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw3.2.418812	TAAGCGCAGCAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	0.17	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs144	ggs144	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw3.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.17	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz22chld.418485	GGTCACTGACAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	6.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs225	ggs225	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz22chld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	6	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC9adltF.418726	GTGACTGCGGAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	29.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Daughter	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs305	ggs305	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC9adltF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	29	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC14infF.418354	GTCTCTCTACGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	0.917	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs275	ggs275	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC14infF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.917	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz5chldF1.418757	GTATATCCGCAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	9.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Sister	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs250	ggs250	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz5chldF1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	9	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt14.T2.418813	GTATGACTGGCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs464	ggs464	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt14.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz3chldF3.418426	TAGCGACATCTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	10.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Sister	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs263	ggs263	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz3chldF3	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	10	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt37.F.418676	TACTAATCTGCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	52.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs440	ggs440	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt37.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	52	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS193.418750	GTCTACACACAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	30.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs134	ggs134	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS193	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	30	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h37B.1.418707	TACGATGACCAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	0.94	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs82	ggs82	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h37B.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.94	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USBldChld7.418488	TAACAGTCGCTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	3.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-105.27	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	1629.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs213	ggs213	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USBldChld7	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	3	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	40.01499	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h130S.1.418846	TAGCATCGTGGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs18	ggs18	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h130S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt41.M.418492	GTGACTGCGGAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	42.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs400	ggs400	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt41.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	42	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS6.418642	GTTGACGACAGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs120	ggs120	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS6	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS7.418860	TACGCGCTGAGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	26.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs121	ggs121	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS7	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	26	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw3.1.418387	GTGGCGATACAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	0.17	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs143	ggs143	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw3.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.17	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC10adltF1.418809	TAGTGTGCTTCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	22.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	SisterAdlt	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs309	ggs309	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC10adltF1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	22	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw4.1.418637	TACTACATGGTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.17	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs166	ggs166	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw4.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.17	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt3.T1.418429	GTTGACGACAGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs325	ggs325	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt3.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h186A.1.418741	GTAGCAACGTCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	2.02	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs37	ggs37	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h186A.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	2.02	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt30.T1.418821	TACACACATGGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs483	ggs483	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt30.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS127.418550	GTATCCATGCGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	25.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs125	ggs125	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS127	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h279M.1.418530	GTCATATCGTAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	24.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs71	ggs71	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h279M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	24	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h95B.1.418735	GTGTACCTATCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	1.25	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs105	ggs105	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h95B.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS5.418546	GTGAGGTCGCTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	25.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs119	ggs119	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS5	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h144A.1.418690	GCTTCATAGTGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	1.22	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs19	ggs19	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h144A.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.22	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt54.M.418445	TACACACATGGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	49.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs455	ggs455	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt54.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	49	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt12.F.418502	GTACGGCATACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	45.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs336	ggs336	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt12.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	45	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp3Mom.418727	GTCTTCGTCGCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	29.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs156	ggs156	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp3Mom	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	29	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS27.418766	TACGGTATGTCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs164	ggs164	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS27	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw16.1.418781	GTGTGCTATCAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.75	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs180	ggs180	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw16.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.75	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt27.M.418861	TAGCGACATCTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	46.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs477	ggs477	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt27.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	46	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt19.B1.418817	GTGTCTACATTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	9.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Brother1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs372	ggs372	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt19.B1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	9	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp33ChildB.418578	GTGACCTGATGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	7.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs197	ggs197	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp33ChildB	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	7	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt49.M.418347	TAGTCGTCTAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	44.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs501	ggs501	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt49.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	44	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt29.T2.418768	GTGTACCTATCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs482	ggs482	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt29.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt14.F.418375	GTCTACACACAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	51.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs465	ggs465	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt14.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	51	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h85S.1.418346	GTATGTTGCTCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs103	ggs103	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h85S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt53.T1.418664	GTATGTTGCTCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs452	ggs452	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt53.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt17.T2.418720	GTGTACCTATCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs364	ggs364	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt17.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS165.418862	TAGCATCGTGGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs130	ggs130	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS165	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC16chldM.418509	TAGAGAGAGTGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	3.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs300	ggs300	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC16chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	3	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt52.F.418555	GCTGTGTAGGAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	47.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs424	ggs424	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt52.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	47	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt31.T2.418361	GTAGACTGCGTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs487	ggs487	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt31.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC4chldM.418557	TAGCCTCTCTGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	1.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Daughter	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs223	ggs223	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC4chldM	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw6.1.418613	GTATGTTGCTCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.25	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs170	ggs170	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw6.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt9.B1.418824	GCTTACATCGAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	10.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Brother1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs457	ggs457	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt9.B1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	10	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC5adltF.418439	GTGTGTGTCAGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	20.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs316	ggs316	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC5adltF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	20	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt42.T2.418716	GTCATATCGTAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs525	ggs525	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt42.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h209M.1.418510	TAGCGGATCACG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs48	ggs48	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h209M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS9.418446	GCTGTGTAGGAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs158	ggs158	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS9	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw11.2.418340	TACACGATCTAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	0.5	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs150	ggs150	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw11.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.5	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt34.T1.418567	GTACAAGAGTGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs436	ggs436	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt34.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h279A.2.418836	GGCGACATGTAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	0.95	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs69	ggs69	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h279A.2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.95	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h35S.1.418568	GTCTTCGTCGCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.1	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2889.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs80	ggs80	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h35S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.183	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt19.T1.418385	GTAGACTGCGTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs369	ggs369	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt19.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz1baby.418645	GCTTACATCGAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	0.25	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Brother	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs232	ggs232	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz1baby	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.25	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt45.F.418753	GTCTATCGGAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	52.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs445	ggs445	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt45.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	52	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS109.418691	TAGCACACCTAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	28.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs165	ggs165	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS109	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	28	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h165M.1.418394	GTACTCTAGACT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	34.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs30	ggs30	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h165M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	34	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt23.T1.418854	GTCTATCGGAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs473	ggs473	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt23.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
F4T1pre4.418431	GTATGACTGGCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	23.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs218	ggs218	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	F4T1pre4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	23	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h208M.1.418731	GTGTACCTATCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	21.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs45	ggs45	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h208M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	21	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp1Child.418697	GGCGTACTGATG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	5.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs153	ggs153	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp1Child	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	5	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt8.T2.418755	TAACAGTCGCTG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs333	ggs333	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt8.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz16chld.418563	GTCGTAGCCAGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	1.67	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs251	ggs251	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz16chld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1.67	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz24chld.418412	GTTGTATACTCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	7.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs253	ggs253	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz24chld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	7	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h78S.1.418712	TACTACATGGTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_4_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs99	ggs99	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h78S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	4	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt26.T1.418758	TAGGTATCTCAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs418	ggs418	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt26.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
F4T2pre4.418418	GTCTACACACAT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	23.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs219	ggs219	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	F4T2pre4	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	23	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt40.M.418504	GTGTGCTATCAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	49.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs519	ggs519	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt40.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	49	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt42.F.418628	TAGATAGCAGGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	46.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Father	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs403	ggs403	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt42.F	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	46	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC29adltF.418659	TAGATAGCAGGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	38.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs308	ggs308	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC29adltF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	38	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt43.T2.418799	GCTGTAGTATGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs405	ggs405	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt43.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt16.T2.418435	GTACTCTAGACT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	13.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs361	ggs361	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt16.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	13	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h259S.1.418715	GTCACGACTATT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2243.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs62	ggs62	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h259S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-16.002	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt24.M.418730	GTCTGGATAGCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	43.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs414	ggs414	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt24.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	43	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt13.T2.418745	GTCTATCGGAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs338	ggs338	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt13.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp25Mom.418780	GTAGCGCGAGTT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_11_1_withindex_sequence	34.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs195	ggs195	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp25Mom	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	34	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	11	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h128S.1.418536	GTCGTGTGTCAA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs14	ggs14	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h128S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h186S.1.418558	GTCTATCGGAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs41	ggs41	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h186S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt13.M.418644	GTATCCATGCGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	47.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs459	ggs459	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt13.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	47	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt21.T2.418484	GTAGAGCTGTTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs377	ggs377	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt21.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt54.T2.418497	GTATATCCGCAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_15_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs426	ggs426	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt54.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	15	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h257S.1.418777	TAGCTCGTAACT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_3_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	Sibling	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs58	ggs58	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h257S.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	3	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt41.T2.418682	TAGCTGAGTCCA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	15.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs522	ggs522	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt41.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	15	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt29.T1.418673	GTCTCATGTAGG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	14.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs481	ggs481	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt29.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	14	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt7.T2.418392	GTATCCATGCGA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_12_1_withindex_sequence	13.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs330	ggs330	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt7.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	13	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	12	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USinfTw18.1.418513	GGCGACATGTAC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_2_1_withindex_sequence	0.92	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_2	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs183	ggs183	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USinfTw18.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	0.92	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	2	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt53.M.418452	GTCGACTCCTCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	47.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs512	ggs512	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt53.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	47	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC33adltF.418672	GTCATTCACGAG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs288	ggs288	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC33adltF	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
Amz21chld.418413	GTACTCTAGACT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_5_1_withindex_sequence	5.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.646	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	78.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_5	ENVO:human-associated habitat	unknown	Illumina	None	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs265	ggs265	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	Amz21chld	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	5	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.425833	22699611	5	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt28.T2.418449	GTACTCTAGACT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_16_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs479	ggs479	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt28.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	16	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
TS195.418848	TAACTCTGATGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	56.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	y	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs136	ggs136	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	TS195	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	56	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt38.T2.418456	GTAGAGCTGTTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_17_1_withindex_sequence	17.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin2	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs516	ggs516	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt38.T2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	17	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	17	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h186M.1.418788	GTATGCGCTGTA	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	32.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.3	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2991.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs40	ggs40	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h186M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	32	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.38	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
AmzC10adltF2.418591	TAGACTGTACTC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_6_1_withindex_sequence	24.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-67.609	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	77.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_6	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	SisterAdlt	CGS-GL	Venezuela	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs292	ggs292	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	AmzC10adltF2	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	24	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	5.410833	22699611	6	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt45.T1.418763	GTAGTGTCTAGC	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_14_1_withindex_sequence	16.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_4	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Twin1	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs407	ggs407	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt45.T1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	16	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	14	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
h144M.1.418623	GTATGACTGGCT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_7_1_withindex_sequence	None	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	35.4	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	2564.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_7	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	Malawi	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs21	ggs21	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	h144M.1	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	None	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	-15.3	22699611	7	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USchp36Infant.418576	TACTAATCTGCG	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_1_1_withindex_sequence	1.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-75.164	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	39.0	7/25/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_559_lane_1	ENVO:human-associated habitat	male	Illumina	Child	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs137	ggs137	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USchp36Infant	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	559	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	1	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	39.95234	22699611	1	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL
USygt15.M.418634	GGACGTCACAGT	CCGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	yata@wustl.edu	V4	n	Tanya Yatushenko	CGS-GL	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	s_13_1_withindex_sequence	49.0	mimarks-survey	human	0	9606	n	human gut metagenome	0	-90.225	UBERON:feces	Yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	169.0	8/1/11	pyrosequencing	None	0.0	Run_565_lane_3	ENVO:human-associated habitat	female	Illumina	Mother	CGS-GL	United States of America	n	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	yatsunenko_global_gut_illumina	850:ggs360	ggs360	408170	CGS-GL	y	Jeffrey Gordon	Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography	USygt15.M	years	y	850	PMID: 20534432; samples were amplified with a total of 96 barcoded primers; 14 pools were constructed and sequenced using HiSeq illumina paired end	Human gut microbiome differentiation viewed across cultures, ages and families	UBERON:feces	565	Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.	ENVO:feces	16S rRNA	ENVO:human-associated habitat	None	UBERON:feces	49	CGS-GL	FWD:TTACCGCGGCKGCTGGCAC;REV:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT	PMID: 20534432	38.64699	22699611	13	0.01, g	yatsunenko_global_gut	FECAL	GG	GG-FECAL	FECAL